Ahmed Sékou Touré Biography

Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © (born January 9, 1922, died March 26, 1984)  was one of the foremost figures in the struggle for West African independence, the first President of Guinea, and a leading Pan-African. He was initially considered a moderate Islamic African leader  but became one of Africas most oppressive Big Men. Early Life Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà ©s was born in Faranah, central   Guinà ©e Franà §aise (French Guinea, now the Republic of Guinea), near the source of the River Niger. His parents were poor, uneducated peasant farmers, though he claimed to be a direct descendant of Samory Tourà © (aka Samori Ture), the regions 19th-century anti-colonialist military leader, who had been based in Faranah for a while. Tourà ©s family were Muslim, and he was initially educated at the Koranic School in Faranah, before transferring to a school in Kissidougou. In 1936 he moved on to a French technical college, the Ecole Georges Poiret, in Conakry, but was expelled after less than a year for initiating a food strike. Over the next few years, Sà ©kou Tourà © passed through a series of menial jobs, while attempting to complete his education through correspondence courses. His lack of formal education was an issue throughout his life, and his lack of qualifications left him suspicious of anyone who had attended tertiary education. Entering Politics In 1940 Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © obtained a post as a  clerk for the   Compagnie du Niger Franà §ais while also working to complete an examination course which would allow him to join the Post and Telecommunications Department (Postes, Tà ©là ©graphes et Tà ©là ©phones) of colonys French administration. In 1941 he joined the post office and started to take an interest in labor movements, encouraging his fellow workers to hold a successful two-month long strike (the first in French West Africa). In 1945 Sà ©kou Tourà © formed French Guineas first trade union, the Post and Telecommunications Workers Union, becoming its general-secretary the following year. He affiliated the postal workers union to the French labor federation, the Confà ©dà ©ration Gà ©nà ©rale du Travail (CGT, General Confederation of Labor) which was in turn affiliated to the French Communist party. He also set up French Gunieas first trade union center: the Federation of Workers Unions of Guinea. In 1946 Sà ©kou Tourà © attended a CGT congress in Paris, before moving to the Treasury Department, where he became the general-secretary of the Treasury Workers Union. In October that year, he attended a West African congress in Bamako, Mali, where he became one of the founding members of the Rassemblement Dà ©mocratique Africain (RDA, African Democratic Rally) along with Fà ©lix Houphouà «t-Boigny of Cà ´te dIvoire. The RDA was a Pan-Africanist party which looked towards independence for French colonies in West Africa. He founded the Parti Dà ©mocratique de Guinà ©e (PDG, Democratic Party of Guinea), the local affiliate of the RDA in Guinea. Trade Unions in West Africa Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © was dismissed from the treasury department for his political activities, and in 1947 was briefly sent to prison by the French colonial administration. He decided to devote his time to developing workers movements in Guinea and to campaign for independence. In 1948 he became the secretary-general of the CGT for French West Africa, and in 1952 Sà ©kou Tourà © became secretary-general of the PDG. In 1953 Sà ©kou Tourà © called a general strike which lasted for two months. The government capitulated. He campaigned during the strike for unity between ethnic groups, opposing the tribalism which the French authorities were promulgating, and was explicitly anti-colonial in his approach. Sà ©kou Tourà © was elected to the territorial assembly in 1953 but failed to win the election for the seat in the Assemblà ©e Constituante, the French National Assembly, after conspicuous vote-tampering by the French administration in Guinea. Two years later he became mayor of Conakry, Guineas capital. With such a high political profile, Sà ©kou Tourà © was finally elected as the Guinean delegate to the French National Assembly in 1956. Furthering his political credentials, Sà ©kou Tourà © led a break by Guineas trade unions from the CGT, and formed the Confà ©dà ©ration Gà ©nà ©rale du Travail Africaine (CGTA, General Confederation of African Labor). A renewed relationship between the leadership of the CGTA and CGT the following year led to the creation of the Union Gà ©nà ©rale des Travailleurs dAfrique Noire (UGTAN, General Union of Black African Laborers), a pan-African movement which became an important player in the struggle for West African independence. Independence and One-Party State The Democratic Party of Guinea won the plebiscite elections in 1958 and rejected membership in the proposed French Community.  Ahmed Sà ©kou Tourà © became the first president of the independent republic of Guinea on October 2, 1958. However, the state was a one-party socialist dictatorship with restrictions on human rights and suppression of political opposition.  Sà ©kou Tourà © promoted mostly his own Malinke ethnic group rather than maintaining his cross-ethnic nationalism ethic. He drove more than a million people into exile to escape his prison camps. An estimated 50,000 people were killed in concentration camps, including the notorious Camp Boiro Guard Barracks. Death and Legacy He died  March 26, 1984, in Cleveland, Ohio, where he had been sent for cardiac treatment after becoming ill in Saudi Arabia. A coup detat by the armed forces on April 5, 1984, installed a military junta that denounced  Sà ©kou Tourà © as a bloody and ruthless dictator. They released about 1,000 political prisoners and installed  Lansana Contà ©Ã‚  as president. The country was not to have a truly free and fair election until 2010, and politics remain troubled.

A Meaningful Romantic Period - 1176 Words

Jonathan Turpin Professor J. Mendel Literature 211 30 September 2017 A Meaningful Romantic The English Oxford Living Dictionary holds three distinct definitions of the word romantic. Among them is the one most commonly thought of in society, today – that warm, fuzzy feeling inside when in the presence of a beloved partner. The Romantic period, however, is referenced by the third definition on the page, â€Å"relating to or denoting the artistic and literary movement of romanticism† (â€Å"Romantic†). This definition will be the focal point of this paper, which will discuss the trend of the Romantic period to include its characteristics, historical considerations, and sociopolitical factors. This paper will also analyze a literary example of the†¦show more content†¦Blankenagel notes that â€Å"restless movement† and a â€Å"longing without goal, limit, or aim† (p. 3) were other characteristics of romanticism. The romantic believed that such divine beauty could not be found in passivity, but rather in fervent communion with nature. Historians note that the Romantic Movement was a sort of call to arms against the sovereignty of logic. Their modus operandi was to invade â€Å"pure reason †¦ with free-flowing fantasy[, a]n emphasis on the free† (Gasparov et al.). The imagination was to become the new lens through which life was viewed. In terms of time, the Movement is placed into three periods: The first phase, which ranged from the mid-1790s to 1800s; the second phase, from the 1810s to 1840s; and the third phase, said to be post 1848 (â€Å"Romanticism†). The first phase, known as the â€Å"early period,† set the stage for the rise of the â€Å"romantic consciousness† that would saturate the lives of the romantics. The second, or â€Å"mid period,† denotes the timespan in which romanticism spread throughout Europe. The third and final phase, the â€Å"late period,† comes as the values and beliefs of the movement become commonplace (Gasparov et al.). In the social and political realm, romanticism and the ilk therein showed interesting behavior. Romantics portrayed the common day extroverted introvert. They would at times take to a public forum to have themselves heard, either in voice or in letter, but this was usually to promote and further their cause with regard toShow MoreRelatedFriendship, Love, And Love1401 Words   |  6 PagesFriendship and romantic love are two of the most fundamental relationships that human beings engage in. As social animals, most humans are naturally drawn to form bonds of affection with other people. Both friendship and love, however, are difficult to fully define and conceptualize. The fundamental meaning of each has changed throughout the course of human history and appears in different forms among different cultures. Modern interpretations of friendship and love will guide this explication, asRead MoreRomanticism in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley649 Words   |  3 PagesRomanticism doe s not only mean romantic love, it is a literary term characterized by elements. Some elements of romanticism are growth of industrialization, mingling of races, frontier, experimentation, and optimism. One of the writers that include romanticism in their writings is Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly. The romantic period was characterized by a marked withdraw from the techniques of the literary period and ideas, that introduced more rational and scientific in nature. Romantic poetry and prose, by contrastRead MoreCharacteristics Of Romantic Poetry By William Blake1051 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Woolverton Professor Balding English 2320 February 26, 2016 Characteristics of Romantic Poetry The start of the Romantics was the start of a new period in poetry. Romantic poetry developed after more and more people began to let their emotion become a bigger part of their life. These Romantics wanted to express how they felt, rather than what they thought about science and reason. This brought on the change in how genders, races, and different classes were viewed. Less people participatedRead MoreImpact Of The Renaissance751 Words   |  4 PagesWhenever I think about the renaissance, I think of the of the dark ages. The Renaissance was a period in European history, that took place during the 14th through the 17th century. Accordant Leonardo da Vinci he describes the culture of the Renaissance as â€Å"the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages†. Renaissance started in Italy during the period of medieval, then it slowly spread throughout Europe. The term Renaissance over the years, has become synonymous with ideas of expanding, rebirth and culturalRead MoreWilliam Wor dsworth And The Creation Of The Romantic Movement1524 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Wordsworth and the Creation of the Romantic Movement William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a English Romantic poet. Wordsworth’s earliest poetry was â€Å"published in 1793 in the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. In 1795 he met Samuel Coleridge† (Encyclopedia.com), and produced Lyrical Ballads first published in 1978, it is largely credited as the work that begain the English Romantic movement. In the third edition of Lyrical Ballads published in 1802 theRead MoreProgression Of Late Life Romantic Relationships813 Words   |  4 PagesProgression of Late Life Romantic Relationships Malta and Farquharson (2014) conducted this research study in order to explore the formation and progression of late life romantic relationships of 45 (21 Men and 24 Women) Australian participants who were over the age of 60 and in a romantic relationship that began recently. These participants were recruited online and through ads posted in the local newspaper and radio. The researchers conducted in-depth qualitative interviews that lasted at leastRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages(5). The Romantic period in literature followed the industrial revolution in Europe, and in America it was seen between 1820 and 1860. The first great literary generation in the U.S. were Romantic novelists and included Nathaniel Hawthorne, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe, Emily Dickinson, and the Transcendentalists (5). The novel, The Scarlet Letter, has been called â€Å"Gothic Romance.† This novel represents a turning point in American romantic literature as part of the Romantic MovementRead MoreEssay on Introduction to Romanticism1656 Words   |  7 Pages For many years, this period and these writers were known as the American Renaissance, a coin termed by F.O. Matthiessen in his book of that name in 1941. This book set the parameters of how to read and connect these writers until relatively recently, when its limitations, especially in terms of defining the quot;canonquot; of literary giants and what made them (all male) quot;giantsquot; have been recognized and challenged. However, the term is still useful to some degree. It is a misnomerRead MoreMary Shelly and the Romantic Era939 Words   |  4 Pagesreflects the mood of the Romantic era in numerous ways. Some of these themes include views on science, changes in the weather across Europe, mistrust of advancements in science and the role of disease and death and the loneliness that resulted. The experiences of Shelly and even the setting and location where she formed the idea for Frankenstein display interesting themes of the time period. Disease and death were a common theme throughout the Romantic era. Not only did it affectRead MoreThe Age Of Manufacturing That Preceded The Romantic Movement1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe age of manufacturing that preceded the Romantic Movement was characterized by industrialization and scientific, professional thinking. The philosophy of the era teaches that thoughts and assertions are only meaningful if they can be confirmed with evidence or valid reasoning. As a result, any assertion about entities from the abstract or conceptual alike, whether a statement about mermaids and unicorns or God and nature, is considered meaningless since they cannot be confirmed by factual report

Odysseus versus Spaz free essay sample

Everyone needs a hero to look up to. People idolize heroes simply because of their admirable character traits. Examples of heroic characters would be Odysseus from Homers epic poem The Odyssey and Spaz from The Last Book in the Universe by Rodman Philbrick. The Odyssey is about the arduous Journey home of Odysseus after the Trojan War. The Last Book in the Universe is about Spazs strenuous Journey to see his sister, Bean, who has terminal cancer. Though both of these fgures are honorable, Odysseus is the better epic hero than Spaz because he ossesses more traits of an epic hero. The first example of why Odysseus is the better hero is because he gets help from gods and goddesses, which is a traditional characteristic of an epic hero. Spaz does not get actual help. One of the times Athena helped Odysseus was when he was stuck on Calypsos island. We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus versus Spaz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She urges her father, Zeus, to help him get free. Zeus sends Hermes to Calypso on his behalf telling Calypso to release him. Also, Aeolus, the god of wind, helped them get home by using the power of winds. I think that in The Last Book in the Universe, Philbrick portrays Lanaya as a symbol of a goddess. She is a genetically improved person, or proov, that helps out Spaz to save Bean. The way that Philbrick described Lanaya having beautiful gray sky-colored eyes, and perfect skin, and short hair that sort of glows, like the sun is always shining on her, makes her sound almost goddess-like (22. ). Although she is not an actual goddess, Odysseus definitely better possesses this trait of an epic hero. The next example supporting the thesis of Odysseus eing the better hero would be the fact that, unlike Spaz, Odysseus completes a final task alone at the end of his Journey. An epic hero can have help from others in the rising tasks, but they must always accomplish the last task on their own. Odysseus exhibits bravery in his Journey alone throughout the book. He takes control of the situations and faces conflict alone. On the other hand, Spaz is accompanied by Ryter and Lanaya who advise and assist him the entire time. Spaz was incapable of grasping the conditions he was faced with, whereas Odysseus received help hroughout the story but alone completed the final task; a trait of an epic hero. Epic heroes face many obstacles in their path to completing the Journey at hand. In The Odyssey, the main character was faced with new difficulties throughout each new location traveled. Along the way, many battles were fought, blood was shed, and enemies were made in the process. For example, Odysseus enraged several of the gods; most of whom was aggravated was Poseidon, god of the waters. This anger was shown when the writer explains that, all the gods had pitied Lord Odysseus, all ut Poseidon, raging cold on through against the brave king till he comes ashore at last his own land (1. 29-32). In The Last Book In The Universe, Spaz, too, encountered a handful of issues and obstacles. He is forbidden to leave the latch to see his sister, Bean, by Billy Bizmo. Spaz goes anyways, and when in the pipe, gets captured by the monkey boys. The last fortunate event that the main character faces unfortunate event is when Spaz and his crew are found by Lottie, and told that they will be able t o see Bean: f they find the probe runner. In order to be considered an epic hero, many traits must be exhibited such as: tacing enemies, having their journey threatened by those enemies, getting help from others who are usually gods or goddesses, and completing a final task alone at the end of their travels. Odysseus strongly portrays all of these traits more than Spaz does. The main character, Odysseus, from Homers The Odyssey, is the greater epic hero as opposed to Spaz from The Last Book in the Universe by Rodman Philbrick.

Financial Analysis of Singtel free essay sample

As my research and analysis project topic chosen is the ‘Topic 8: An analysis of business and financial performance of an organization over a three–year period’, I have selected Singapore Telecommunications Limited (SingTel) to be my research organization from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2010. Business analysis is the discipline of identifying business needs and determining solutions to business problems. Solutions often include a systems development component, but may also consist of process improvement or organizational change or strategic planning and policy development. It focuses on the needs of the business to achieve its corporate objectives and develop the strategy. Financial analysis refers to the finance function of the business and examines its historical data, such as financial statements, to gain the information about the financial health of the business. And it can be used in a wide variety of ways to help managers to make their critical decisions, just as Alan S. Donnahoe wrote in his book What Every Manager Should Know about Financial Analysis. In a very real sense, finance is the language of business. Goals are set and performance is measured in financial terms. Plants are built, equipment ordered, and new projects undertaken based on clear investment return criteria. Financial analysis is required in every such case. † In summary, the analysis of business and financial performance reflect a clearer picture of the organization about its activities, strength, weaknesses and potential problems and also can provide more useful and wider information to the users who are interested in. 1. 2 Reason for choosing the topic and the organization This topic allows me to get deeper and better into the understanding of business and financial analysis. With the availability of annual report, I can apply my theoretical knowledge of P2 and P3 in real practical organization. Furthermore, it is also helpful to improve my skills in financial analysis areas as my dream position is CFO of my future career. The reason to choose SingTel as my research organization is that this organization is familiar to me as I am currently the client of SingTel which I have a better understanding of it than other organizations. And nowadays, the telecommunication industry plays an important role in our daily life that everyday we need to contact our family and friends by using phones and internet. In fact, SingTel is the largest company by market capitalization listed on the Singapore Exchange (Wikipedia2010) and I am interested in its success that I want to know more about it. 1. 3 Objectives of report This project’s objective is to evaluate the business and financial performance of SingTel over a three-year period by applying the accounting knowledge and skills from ACCA learning. By doing this, it is not only to improve my studies and gain confidence, but also make the information from financial statements easier for users to understand and make decisions. 1. 4 Research questions My report aims to solve and analyze the following concerns related to SingTel’s success: †¢ How is the probability and liquidity analysis of SingTel in these three years? †¢ What factors helped SingTel to become one of the most successful international companies in Singapore as there are not many international companies in Singapore? †¢ What are the challenges faced by SingTel? What are the future prospects of SingTel affected by the economic downturns? †¢ What are the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of SingTel in its business environment? 1. 5 Research and Analysis Methodology Secondary source is my major approach to gather research information which is mostly available in SingTel annual report and other author’s analysis of it that can b e searched on internet and in the library. My research and analysis section has four parts: Firstly, the ratio analysis of the financial performance of SingTel during three-year period is compared among each year. Secondly, SingTel will be compared with M1 which is also in the telecommunication industry for the benchmarking for the past three years which can enhance the overall analysis of the report. Thirdly, PESTEL analysis model is used to analyze the macro-environment of the company for the business performance. Finally, there is a SWOT model used to have a deeper analysis both in the internal strength and weaknesses and in the external opportunities and threats. Chapter Two: Information gathering analysis method used 2. 1 Source of information Information gathering is the first step during the process of my project. Learning to develop effective information gathering strategies will help me understanding the organization in a number of different ways. And all the sensible judgments and effective techniques depend on that sufficient and quality information. Generally, there are two types of information sources: †¢ Primary source: it refers to a term used in a number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied (Wikipedia2010), i. . it can be collected by interviews, surveys, observation or questionnaires. It serves as an original source of information about the topic. †¢ Secondary source: it collects from a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere (Wikipedia2010). It can be collected both externally and internally. Internally, it can be gained from records or documents within the organization. Externally, the information from relevant reports in newspapers, magazines or journals has been gathered for you. It is less timely cost than primary data, but it has risk once these information collected by others which are lack of judgments or appropriate sampling. 2. 2 Collection of data As we know, the primary source is more reliable than secondary source. However, it is timely consuming and costly whereas there are constraints of time and confidentiality which it is unlikely to obtain sufficient information in a short time. This report is an analysis of business and financial performance of SingTel which can get relevant information from annual report of the company from website. Therefore, I use secondary source for information gathering during my RAP. 2. 3 Source of data My main source of data relies on secondary source. The methods use to gather information as following: †¢ Internet †¢ Newspaper †¢ Relevant books †¢ Library 2. 3. 1 Internet Nowadays, internet is regarded as one of the fastest and most convenient method to gather information. We can access the information by search engines, such as Google and yahoo, which can facility us to locate all the relevant websites. With the help of internet, I downloaded the annual reports of SingTel and M1 from their company websites which are very useful for both financial and non-financial analysis. In addition, I also visited other websites to gather more information about the backgrounds, history and activities profiles of SingTel. 2. 3. 2 Newspaper In Singapore, it is easy to get information from newspapers which every weekday there are free newspapers to allocate in the MRT station during the lunch time which is convenient to know about the big news happened on time. And I also bought some other newspapers to gather relevant information to further the business and financial knowledge of my report, such as and . 2. 3. 3 Relevant books Relevant books play an important role in the process of information collection. They help me to clear my thoughts and ideas by the guidelines provided, such as text books. 2. 3. 4 Library The National Library in Singapore provides a large amount of information about the techniques and applications of financial and business analysis that make me have an in depth knowledge. The different opinions and perspectives by other authors also help me to enhance the understanding of the financial and industry environment of SingTel. 2. 4 Limitations of information gathering As above, my information gathering mostly depends on secondary source due to some limitations of time and cost which may not as reliable as primary source. And, even though SingTel is one of the most transparency companies in Singapore stock market, there are stills some limitations during the gathering of information because of the confidentiality. 2. 5 Ethical issues I am strictly following the requirements by Oxford Brooks University that all students undertaking research need to comply with the University’s Code of Practice ‘Ethical standards for Research involving Human Participants’ and rules, policies, and regulations for information gathering. During my process of information gathering, I selected information from the reputable websites and books with clear reference in my RAP which is transparency to the public. Any sensitive and confidential information against ethical and professional issues is not disclosed in this report. 2. 6 Accounting and business techniques used In order to have an effectively and completely analysis of business and financial performance of the company, the accounting and business techniques used are important to adopt: †¢ Ratio analysis: an analysis of financial performance of SingTel from profitability, liquidity, long-term insolvency and investment ratio to reflects its financial condition, its attractiveness and its operations as an investment. It enables the manager to spot the trends in the business and compare its own ratios for several successive years, watching especially for any unfavorable trends that may be starting. Benchmarking: It is the process of comparing ones business processes and performance metrics to industry bests and/or best practices from other industries (Wikipedia2010). It is a good tool to improve the business to identify its comparative strengths and weaknesses. †¢ PESTEL: it describes a framework of macro-environment factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic ma nagement affected the company as political, economic, social, technology, environmental and legal. It will help the company to understand these external factors to respond if there is any changes, even they cannot control them. †¢ SWOT: it summarizes the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organization that are most likely to impact on strategy development (JSW). This enables users to recognize the strengths and weaknesses within the organization to take the opportunities or to overcome the threats outside the organization. 2. 7 Limitations of accounting and business techniques used During the process of ratio analysis, it is based on historical data which the future performance may not be in line with the trends analyzed from past information since the changes always exist. Due to the constraints of time and confidentiality, there may not have sufficient information gathered for making a good PESTEL and SWOT analysis. In benchmarking, different companies may have different accounting techniques and policies used which may affect the reliability. Chapter Three: Research, Analysis, Conclusion and Recommendation 3. 1 Background of organization 3. 1. 1 History Singapore Telecommunications Limited, commonly known as SingTel, is a telecommunications company, providing a diverse range of communication services and solutions, including fixed, mobile, data, Internet, info-communications technology, satellite and pays TV with a combined mobile subscriber base of 285 million customers from its own operations and regional associates at the end of December 2009. The history of SingTel can be traced back to 1879 when the Singapore became one of the first cities in the east to have telephone services; three years after Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention. In 1988, a subsidiary, Singapore Telecom International, was formed. This marked the beginning of SingTel’s expansion into overseas markets. In 2005, SingTel launched its commercial 3G services in February. And then Mio TV was launched commercially on 20 July 2007 and began its services on 21 July 2007. On July 10 2009, Apple Inc. and SingTel announced that they are launching iPhone 3GS commercially. In Singapore, SingTel has 130 years of operating experience and has played an integral part in the development of the country as a major communications hub in the region.

The Korean War 1950

Your 2018 guide to asking for a promotionÂÂ

Your 2018 guide to asking for a promotion   New year†¦new job title? Many of us look upon a new year as a time for new opportunities, from setting and achieving new personal goals to exploring new passions and hobbies and reaching new professional milestones- including moving up the career ladder. Most of us have an ultimate professional goal that we one day wish to fully achieve, and many of us have plotted out a series of steps on our career ladder that will hopefully get us there. With the ushering in of a new year, we often hope that we’ll be able to take a bold step forward toward our goal- which means getting a promotion at work.Of course, in a perfect world, we’d never have to actually ask for a promotion- our bosses would simply recognize our undeniable talents and contributions over and over, resulting in a series of promotions. But for most of us, this is more of a pleasant dream than a tangible reality, and waiting for this to happen is like waiting for a sack of money to drop out of the sky and i nto your lap- not the most efficient use of your productive work years.The truth is, most of us who want a promotion are going to have to ask for one, which can be among the most stressful, anxiety-inducing, and nerve-wracking experiences we subject ourselves to. Asking for a promotion is no simple task, especially if you’re relatively new to your company or industry and may still be proving yourself. According to a recent article published by Forbes, â€Å"Asking for a promotion can be one of the most stressful experiences in your career- especially in today’s uncertain economy. Why?  Because you know you’re putting yourself at some level of risk†¦It should be no surprise that, in comparison to only a few decades ago, today’s average employee has larger workloads- and more (and better) competition to contend with. Add to this the highly evolved social and political networks one needs to master, and you have one tough road to travel†¦to move from employment offer to promotion without a single misstep is unlikely, and mistakes happen often enough.†Yes, the mere thought of asking for a promotion may send you into a panic and have you reconsidering the entire idea, but fear not! In the professional world fortune often favors the bold, and if you attack the â€Å"promotion situation† smartly and with a solid game plan, you can really increase your chances that things will go your way when you pop the big question!Use the following strategies to help you stack the deck in your favor, and to avoid the biggest mistakes most people make when gearing up to asking for a promotion.Read the signs.The first crucial step to determining if now is a good time to ask for a promotion or if you’re better off waiting is to â€Å"take the temperature† of the company. Was 2017 a good year, or were there lots of struggles and challenges? Did your company meet or exceed its annual goals, or did it fall short? Have th ere been a great deal of layoffs or employee turnover recently, or do things feel relatively stable. Or better yet, are signs of growth and new innovation in the air? It isn’t difficult to envision which of these scenarios are more conducive to asking for a promotion, so try to figure out if now is the right time for you to make the big ask.Also, be sure to take your own workplace temperature. Was 2017 a â€Å"hot† or â€Å"cold† year for you as an employee? Did you achieve or surpass your goals? Many of us have clearly defined performance metrics, which are often reviewed regularly with our bosses (often annually), so determining if 2017 was a good year for you shouldn’t be too difficult. If you had a banner year in 2017, then perhaps now is the perfect time to go after that promotion. If you struggled a bit over the year, perhaps it’s wiser to wait a few months and really work hard to establish yourself as a valuable employee before taking the pl unge.Build a good case.In many instances, asking for a promotion is like interviewing for a new job, and you’ll likely have to â€Å"make a case† for yourself- not just for why you deserve a promotion, but also, and perhaps more importantly, for how your company will benefit from promoting you. This is your opportunity to resell yourself to your company- this time in a new role with greater responsibility.So, approach the situation like you did when you first interviewed with the company. Convince them that you’re the perfect person for this new position and that your background, experience, and skill set are the perfect mix to handle the job effectively. You want them to think that promoting you will ultimately benefit the company’s bottom line.Choose your moment.Pop quiz: Do you think your chances for getting a promotion will be better when you ask your boss after a particularly tense and stressful morning or in the middle of a terrible workplace crisis , or when your boss is in a good mood, relaxed, and hopefully open to new ideas? Not the most difficult quiz, right? Well, you’d be surprised by how many unfortunate employees, who are so nervous and desperate to get the promotion question over with, just blindly jump in and ask their bosses for a promotion without determining if the timing is right. Not a good move. Don’t make this easily avoidable mistake.Mind the details.Perhaps just as important as the things you’ll say when asking for a promotion are the supporting details- the tone you use, the outfit you decide to wear when you ask, and your body language and facial expressions. You’ve already successfully interviewed with the company before, so you have a good idea of what works and what doesn’t. The key here is to take this opportunity seriously and to bring your â€Å"A game† when you do decide the time is right to ask for a promotion. Dress well, use a confident and positive tone, and make sure your body language reflects your best possible self.If it goes your way†¦If the stars align, things go your way, and fate looks favorably on you, then congratulations! Graciously and humbly accept your promotion and new role and be sure to use this as an opportunity to prove to your bosses that they made the right call- don’t forget, at some point in the future you might be facing the promotion question once again, and you want to make sure that you have a solid case for why it’s once again well deserved.If it doesn’t go your way†¦Putting yourself out there by asking for a promotion and meeting rejection can be incredibly difficult. If you don’t get the promotion you were looking for, you may leave the meeting with a wide range of conflicting emotions. The key here is to not do anything rash. Instead, listen carefully to the reasoning you were given for the decision. Was it based on something completely out of your control, or did it include things that you can work on? Were you given a timeline to make improvements and revisit the promotion question?Take the information you were given during the discussion, consider it carefully, and weigh your options for moving forward. The key here is to not consider this the final step on your career ladder- you’ll have many more professional opportunities in the future!Asking for a promotion can be a stressful experience- but it doesn’t have to be! Use the strategies provided here to ensure that when the time is right and you decide to ask for a promotion that you’re putting your best foot forward and setting yourself up for success.

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Questions - Assignment Example The French has a lasting impact on language as most of it is used in Canada today. Additionally, England led to naming of colonies that still exist today such as Virginia and Maryland. In addition, it led to the introduction of protestant. The Great Plains and western part are dry due to constant land exploitation at the time of colonization. Intensive agriculture led by settlers led to breakage of prairie responsible for moisture conservation at the area. As a result, the area became drier and arid. There are factors contributing to Hispanic immigration to United States. The factors include poverty, unemployment and deplorable social conditions in their country as well as promise for prosperity, wealth and happiness. The remittance is the transfer of money by a foreign worker to an individual in his/her home country. The remittance helps the immigrants to boost the economic status of their country as well as help their kin. The Great Migration was the movement of African American from the south to go and work in the industrialized north. The impact on United States was distribution of blacks to various parts of the north as it is today. The main protestant religions denominations include Baptist church, northern Appalachia and the lower Midwest, and the Roman Catholic Church. Baptist church is widespread in the south due to its popularity among African American that lived there. The northern Appalachia and the lower Midwest are located in areas significantly influenced by awakening and revival. the roman catholic church dominates the southeast, southwest and western due to heavy presence of Hispanics that are staunch follower of the

The Effect of Bilateral Trade Agreement between Vietnam and the U.S.A Research Proposal

The Effect of Bilateral Trade Agreement between Vietnam and the U.S.A on Medium and Small Vietnamese firms That Export goods to the U.S.A - Research Proposal Example In 1995, Vietnam became a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). On 13 July 2000, the country signed a BTA with the USA: the agreement went into effect on 10 December 2001. This agreement was part of the ongoing economic reform process in Vietnam and contributed significantly towards the country gaining membership in the World Trade Organization. In 2007, the US Congress approved a Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) agreement with Vietnam. This paper analyzes the influence of the signing of the BTA on the performance of domestic Vietnamese small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) that were engaged in exporting to the US market. The SMEs occupy a significant position in the economy of Vietnam and it is important to know the effect of the BTA on SMEs. The paper first studies the growth rates of production, investment and employment of these Vietnamese firms before and after signing the BTA. The studies were based on the results of a survey which had earlier been conducted by two Vietnamese Agencies and one US Agency. Then, the paper itself conducts two statistical tests of its own to empirically analyze the effect of the BTA on the SMEs in the Vietnamese economy. The findings of the tests, show the BTA has caused the value of Vietnamese exports to the US market to significantly increase from 2001 onwards which in turn has caused a greater number of Vietnamese SMEs to enter the export market.... he signing of the BTA on the performance of domestic Vietnamese small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) that were engaged in exporting to the US market. The SMEs occupy a significant position in the economy of Vietnam and it is important to know the effect of the BTA on SMEs. The paper first studies the growth rates of production, investment and employment of these Vietnamese firms before and after signing the BTA. The studies were based on the results of a survey which had earlier been conducted by two Vietnamese Agencies and one US Agency. Then, the paper itself conducts two statistical tests of its own to empirically analyze the effect of the BTA on the SMEs in the Vietnamese economy. The findings of the tests, show the BTA has caused the value of Vietnamese exports to the US market to significantly increase from 2001 onwards which in turn has caused a greater number of Vietnamese SMEs to enter the export market. Therefore, the paper indicates that there is a lot of potential to be tapped in the export sector of Vietnam. As the case of the BTA has shown, Vietnamese firms are prepared to enter the export market and leverage expanded export opportunities with foreign countries. For this, Vietnam has to search for new trading partner countries and look to enhance its trade relations with them as it has done with the USA. At the same time, Vietnam has to maintain its existing trade relationships with its current trade partners. Only then, can Vietnam’s export sector serve as an engine of growth for its overall economy. (Abbot, et al, 2007, p-2; Burmeister n.d; Martin 2009 p-2; McCaig and Pavcnik, 2011, p-2) Literature Review The entire literature can be segregated into two types: the studies of the impact of the BTA on the Vietnamese economy as a whole and the

My parents divorce and the lessons i learned Essay

My parents divorce and the lessons i learned - Essay Example In fact I feel that it was only because of me that they didn't do it till then. I was not able to accept their divorce and was depressed. In school I tried to avoid mingling with others and always found ways to separate myself. I always felt that happiness was only for those who had a good family. I feel that just one incidence of my parents divorce was a major disaster in my life and had taken away all my happiness. They were also lacking love and affection from their families and I found that they hardly bothered about such things. They took me into their friend circle and I started to enjoy their company. Though I realized that their association would spoil my health and would cause me a lot of harm, I still went along with them. In their parties there was boozing, drugs and all other negative things one can think off. Though I started boozing with them I never tried drugs, as I had sense that once I get into such activities I will never have a comeback. It was when I turned 18 that I had a good friend who could bring me back to the real life and show me that there is still a lot of love and happiness in the world. I love her and she also loved me. We started to like each others association and found that we are made for each other. But since I had not seen my parents in love, I always had a fear in my mind that if I get married to her I may not be as happy as I am now. So for years we were t ogether without getting married. Once I v

Synthesis And Characterization Of Strontium Ferrite Environmental Sciences Essay

Synthesis And Characterization Of Strontium Ferrite Environmental Sciences Essay Strontium ferrite is a ferromagnetic material and reported as having hexagonal magnetoplumbite type (M-type) structure. It is the most widely used permanent magnets throughout the world, which account for about 90wt% of the annual production of permanent magnets. In this study, the strontium ferrite is synthesized using sol-gel methods and the magnetic properties were analyzed. Chapter 1 gave introduction about the structure of M-type hexagonal strontium ferrite. Besides, some general magnetic properties will be discussed. Commercial applications of strontium ferrite would be discussed as well. Chapter 2 is all about the experimental details, including the synthetic techniques used for strontium ferrite, description of instrument used and procedures carried out. Chapter 3 concentrated on the results on magnetic susceptibility of hexagonal strontium ferrite. Comparison between strontium ferrite and cation-substituted strontium ferrite was made. Chapter 4 concluded the whole investigation of this study. Suggestions for future studies were also discussed. Better understanding of the properties and practical applications of strontium ferrite can be achieved through this study. ABSTRACT The properties of magnetoplumbite type (M-type) hexagonal strontium ferrite has been investigated. The attempt of substitution of cobalt(II) oxide and titanium(IV) oxide in order to produce a quaternary system of the type SrO-Fe2O3-XO where X represents the dopant cation was made. The synthesis is based on sol-gel method where ethylene glycol is the gel precursor. This technique was employed because it was found to be able to produce nanoparticles of cation substituted strontium ferrite. Moreover, sol-gel method can produce high yields of strontium ferrite particles. Overall, the magnetic properties were observed to be change after the cation substitution. Co(II)-Ti(IV) substitution in SrFe12O19 with different ratios were made in this study to investigate the effect of cation substitution in magnetic properties of strontium ferrite. Co(II)-Ti(IV) substitution in strontium ferrite with mole ratio of 0.4 showed the best magnetic properties that we desired for. The mass susceptibility where X = 0.4 was found to be increase sharply compared to the unsubstituted one. Except the cobalt titanium substitution with mole ratio of 0.4, other cation substitution ratios showed decrease in mass susceptibility which is not desirable. Therefore the cobalt-titanium substitution for SrCoxTixFe12-2xO19 with X = 0.4 is the best to improve magnetic properties of strontium ferrite for various commercial applications. REVIEW Strontium ferrite has been a subject of continuous interest and intensive study for several decades due to the fact that this compound has been the the most widely used permanent magnets, which account for about 90wt% of the annual production of permanent magnets since shortly after its discovery in the 1950s. Strontium hexaferrite, SrFe12O19, is a ferrimagnet and is also known as ceramic permanent magnet. When compared with alnico-magnets, strontium ferrite has high coercivity, moderate remenance, corrosion resistance and excellent chemical stability [5]. Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is the principal components in SrFe12O19 which gives rise to its magnetic properties. Within the five different crystallographic sites of strontium ferrite, the iron ions are coupled antiferromagnetically. Due to its high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field in its structure, SrFe12O19 exhibits high saturation magnetization and high coercivity [1]. The high magnetic permeability in strontium ferrite enables i t to store strong magnetic fields, which is stronger than iron. Strontium ferrite is often produced as nanoscale size powder, which can be sintered into solid cores. Strontium ferrite has been used for several important industrial applications, such as permanent magnets, microwave devices and high density perpendicular recording media, with proper doping in order to improve properties of strontium ferrite [1]. SrFe12O19 has also been investigated as a medium for magnetic recording and magneto-optical recording and for long (millimetre)-wave devices [2]. Efforts have made to the development of novel synthetic methods which facilitate the production of fine hexagonal ferrite particles and to possible ways of reducing their high intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The objective in this study was to attempt the synthesis of cation substituted M-type hexagonal ferrite SrCoxTixFe12-2xO19 using the sol-gel method. The sol-gel method has been used widely to produce fine particles of a variety of oxides. The effect of doping strontium ferrite with cobalt (II) and titanium (IV) oxides to produce quaternary systems of SrO-Fe2O3-XO, where X represents the dopant cation would be tested. The fine particles of cation substituted ferrite produced by using sol-gel technique is desirable because the grain size of the materials used in magnetic recording is the main factor determining the level of background noise at low density. Magnetic properties of strontium ferrite would be focus in this study. Magnetic susceptibility balance would be used to determine the mass susceptibility for both strontium ferrite and cation-substituted strontium ferrite produced using the sol-gel method. The mass susceptibilities of the samples were compared to determine the optimum amount of cation needed to dope to ferrite to give the best magnetic behaviour. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF M-TYPE HEXAGONAL SrFe12O19 According to crystalline structure, hexaferrite can be classified into four types, these include M, W, Y and Z types hexaferrites which correspond to (SrO + MeO):Fe2O3 ratios of 1:6, 3:8, 4:6 and 5:12 respectively. SrFe12O19 is classified as M-type hexaferrite. The hexagonal SrFe12O19 was first prepared by Adelsk ¨old in 1938 [2]. He also confirmed that the crystal structure of this compound to be iso-structural with the naturally occurring ferrite mineral magnetoplumbite, and therefore it has the M-type structure. Later structural refinements for strontium hexaferrite have confirmed his determination [2]. Strontium ferrite is classified as hexagonal ferrite. It is denoted as having the space group P63/mmc. According to the research made by Kimura et al, the lattice parameters measured are found to be: a = 0.588 36nm and c = 2.303 76nm at room temperature [2]. As shown for M-type hexaferrite BaFe12O19 in Fig. 1.1, the crystalline structures of different types of hexaferrites are remarkably complex. The unit cell contains ten oxygen layers. A unit cell is sequentially constructed for four blocks, they are S (spinel), R (hexagonal), S* and R*. The S and R blocks have equivalent atomic arrangements and are rotated around the c-axis at 180 ° with respect to S* and R* blocks. R or R* block consists of three O2à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  layers while S or S* block contains two O2à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  layers; with one oxygen site in the middle layer substituted by a Ba2+  ion [16]. The structure of strontium ferrite is similar to that of barium ferrite, by just substituting the barium ion with strontium ion. Fig.  1.1:  Structure of barium hexaferrite Occasionally, a unit cell is comprises of two formula units. The unit cell consists of 64 ions per hexagonal unit cell, which are 2 strontium ions, 38 oxygen ions and 24 ferric ions. The structure of magnetoplumbite are made of a layer of hexagonal close packed arrangement of oxygen and strontium ions, which is sandwiched between two spinal blocks containing a cubic close-packed arrangement of oxygen atoms with iron atoms. The iron atoms are positioned at five interstitial crystallographically different cation sites of the close-packed layers, namely 4f1 (tetrahedral site, A sites), 12k, 4f2, 2a (octahedral sites, B sites) and 2b (trigonal bipyramidal site) [15]. The tetrahedral iron oxide is FeO4, octahedral iron oxide consists of six oxygen ions, which is FeO6, and the formula for trigonal bipyramidal iron oxide is FeO5. A schematic M-type structural representation and the five Fe3+ sites are shown in Fig. 1.2 by Collomb et al. [15]. Figure 1.2: The crystal structure sketch map of the hexagonal M-type phase and the five Fe sites with their surroundings are displayed. The 2b sites only occur in the same layer with strontium ion. 12k site is the octahedral site of S and R blocks. There are two tetrahedral (4f1) sites and one octahedral (2a) site in centre of S block. The two octahedral (4f2) sites are found in the R block, adjacent to the strontium-containing layer. The M-type structure of strontium ferrite gives rise to its magnetic properties. Cation substitution to strontium ferrite may give chances whereby altering the structure and thus influence the magnetic properties. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF M-TYPE HEXAGONAL SrFe12O19 Strontium hexaferrite is a ferrimagnetic material. Since the free electrons in SrFe12O19 are in close proximity and remain aligned even the external magnetic field have been removed, it is able to retain a permanent magnetic field and is recognized as ferrimagnetic material. In 1950s Gorter predicted that the iron ions at the trigonal bipyramidal (2b) and octahedral (2a, 12k) sites have their spin orientation antiparallel to that of the iron ions at the 4f sites [2]. The antiparallel 4f1 and 4f2 and parallel 2a, 12k and 2b sublattices form the ferrimagnetic structure. The magnetic ordering corresponding to the magnetoplumbite structure of hexagonal strontium ferrite is well illustrated in Fig. 1.3. In S block, the majority ÃŽÂ ±-sublattice consists of four octahedral ions and the minority ÃŽÂ ²-sublattice contains two tetrahedral ions whereas R block contributes three octahedral ions and one trigonal ion to the majority sublattice and two octahedral ions to the minority sublattice. Figure 1.3: The schematic structure (left) of the SrFe12O19 with Gorters magnetic ordering (middle) along the c-axis. The large open circles are oxygen ions, the large broken circles are Sr ions; small circles with a cross inside represent Fe ions at 12k, small circles containing a filled circle inside represent Fe ions at 4f2, small unfilled circles represent Fe ions at 4f1, filled small circles represent Fe ions at 2a and small circles with a unfilled circle inside represent Fe ions at 2b. The magnetic structure suggested by Gorter is shown on the right, where the arrows represent the direction of spin polarization. From Fig. 1.3, we can summarizes the sites of Fe(III) ions corresponding to the spin direction, as in Table 1.1. Site Coordination Occupancy Direction of spin polarization 12k Octahedral 12 Up 2a Octahedral 2 Up 2b Trigonal Bypiramidal 2 Up 4f1 Tetrahedral 4 Down 4f2 Octahedral 4 Down Table 1.1: Fe(III) ion sites in M-type hexagonal ferrite Hysteresis Loop The magnetic properties of strontium ferrite can be examined through hysteresis loops. Hysteresis loop can be measured using instruments such as Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and SQUID Magnetometry Measurements. When a magnetic material is placed in a magnetic field, the flux density (B) would lags behind the magnetizing force (H) that causes it, and this form hysteresis loop. From a hysteresis loop, we can identify the magnetic properties of the material, they are saturation magnetization, remanence or also known as remnant magnetization, and coercivity. A typical hysteresis loop is well illustrated in Fig. 1.4. Figure 1.4: Typical hysteresis loop (B-H curve) Initially, there is no applied magnetic field and it is known as unmagnetized state. After magnetic field is applied, it causes alignment. Until maximum magnetizing force applied, maximum flux density achieved at the same time and this phenomenon is known as saturation magnetization. At this point, the maximum number of spin has mobilized. Saturation magnetization is defined as the maximum possible magnetisation of a material. It is also a measure of strongest magnetic field a magnet can produce. The unit of saturation magnetization is in amperes per meter. Strontium ferrite is having high saturation magnetization at which it can store high amount of magnetizing force. As the magnetizing force being slowly removed, the alignment stays at the point where H = 0, this is known as remnant magnetization. Remnant magnetization is the magnetization left in a permanent magnet after an external magnetic field is removed. When a magnet is magnetized, it has remanence. It is usually measured in unit Tesla. Strong permanent magnet such as strontium ferrite has high remnant magnetization which means the high amount of magnetic force remains in it even after the magnetizing force is removed. As form Fig. 1.4, negative magnetic field is applied to demagnetize the permanent magnet. When the flux density (B) = 0, there is no magnetizing force remain in the magnet and the negative H needed to demagnetize the magnet is known as coercivity. Negative H is the magnetic field applied in opposite direction. Coercivity is measured in unit amperes per meter. Due to its high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy with an easy axis of magnetization along the hexagonal c-axis in the structure, SrFe12O19 has high coercivity. Anisotropy is directional or orientational effects in crystal structure of materials which can provide better magnetic performance along certain preferred axis. Therefore, we need to apply high negative magnetizing force to demagnetize strontium ferrite. Attempts have to be made to lower down the coercivity of strontium ferrite for usage. Units in Magnetism The units used in magnetism can be divided mainly into two categories, SI system and c.g.s system. The conversion table shown in Table 1.2 is to clarify the magnetism formulas in both SI and c.g.s systems and the conversion factors between them. Quantity Symbol SI Unit SI Equation c.g.s Unit c.g.s Equation Conversion Factor Magnetic Induction B tesla (T) B= µo(H+M) gauss (G) B = H+4à Ã¢â€š ¬M 1 T = 104  G Magnetic Field Strength H ampere/meter   (A/m) H = NÃÆ'-I/lc   ( lc magnetic   path, m) oersted (Oe) H = 0.4à Ã¢â€š ¬NÃÆ'-I/lc (lc magnetic   path, cm) 1 A/m =   4 à Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÆ'-10-3  Oe Magnetic Flux ÃŽÂ ¦ weber (Wb) ÃŽÂ ¦ = BÃÆ'-Ac (Ac area, m2  ) maxwell (M) ÃŽÂ ¦ = BÃÆ'-Ac (Ac area, cm2  ) 1 Wb = 108  M Magnetization M ampere/meter (A/m) M=m/V (m- total magnetic moment,   V- volume, m3  ) emu/cm3 M=m/V (m- total magnetic moment,   V- volume, cm3  ) 1 A/m = 10-3   emu / cm3 Magnetic Permeability of Vaccum  µo newton/ampere2  µo= 4à Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÆ'-10-7 1 4à Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÆ'-10-7 Inductance L henry L=ÃŽÂ ¼oÃŽÂ ¼N2Ac/lc (Ac- area, m2,   lc magnetic path, m) henry L=0.4à Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼N2Ac/lcÃÆ'-10-8 (Ac-area, cm2,   lc magnetic path, cm) 1 Emf (voltage) V volt V=-NÃÆ'-dÃŽÂ ¦/dt volt V=-10-8NÃÆ'-dÃŽÂ ¦/dt 1 Note: In the above equations, I = current (in amps), N = turns Table 1.2: Magnetism formulas in SI and c.g.s systems and their conversion factors for the magnetic units. 1.4 PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF SrFe12O19 According to the study of G. B. Teh et.al [3] on strontium ferrite, strontium ferrite was found to exhibit photoluminescence behavior. When a sample of strontium ferrite is excited at a certain wavelength, highest intensity of photoluminescence emission peaks was obtained. The ability of strontium ferrite to photoluminesce could be due to the oxygen vacancies in their lattice structure. The oxygen vacancies are assumed to cause the particles to exhibit photoluminescence behavior by acting as traps for mobile excitation. The oxygen vacancies have effective +2 charges, making them powerful electron capture centers. Valence electron would gain sufficient energy to jump from the valence band to the conduction band and leaving a gap known as hole during excitation. F-centers, which is the region where contain high amount of electrons would formed when the excited electrons being trapped in oxygen vacancies. These rich electron centers would lead to emission of luminescence when the holes and electrons recombine. 1.5 SYNTHESIS ROUTE OF SrFe12O19 The processing routes used for synthesis of strontium ferrite affect its properties much. Traditionally, this ferrite powder is synthesized by a mixed oxide ceramic method, which involves the solid-state reaction between SrCO3 and Fe2O3 at a high calcination temperature (about 1300 °C). However, uncontrolled particle morphology, larger particle size and agglomerates would be the biggest disadvantages of this technique. Besides, contamination would be introduced to the sample while subsequent milling of the calcined ferrite powder and this would affect the magnetic properties become less desirable. Therefore, the narrowed particle size distribution, refined particle size and minimal particle agglomeration has been the main concern during the synthesis of strontium ferrite. In order to improve the magnetic properties, numerous nonconventional soft synthetic routes have been carried out, including sol-gel synthesis [3], hydrothermal reaction [6], co-precipitation [7], citric acid method [8] and microemulsion processing [10]. In this study, the synthesis of strontium ferrite employed the sol-gel technique. It is a wet chemical route employing ethylene glycol as gel precursor. Sol-gel technique is the technique of using chemical substances which have high solubility in organic solvents to synthesize precursor compounds. The compounds are easily transformed into hydrated oxides on hydrolysis. The metal alkoxides formed can be removed easily using hydrolysis and thermal treatment and therefore results in hydrated oxides which are highly purify. Sol-gel method is used in this study because of its many advantages. Sol-gel technique is able to produce homogeneous nanosized crystallites. This method is tend to give shaped materials directly from a solution without passing through the powder processing and the fact that the annealing temperature is very low compared with other conventional technology. The crystalline size and properties of the ferrite produced are largely affected by calcinations temperature [3]. Sol gel method has the advantage that the crystal growth of particles is easier to control by varying the heat treatment [11]. It was reported that at 500ËÅ ¡C it produced only maghemite, ÃŽÂ ³-Fe2O3. A mixed product of magnetic ÃŽÂ ±-Fe2O3 and M-type SrFe12O19 were obtained at 600ËÅ ¡C. As the calcination temperature increase to 800ËÅ ¡C and above, there are only M-type SrFe12O19 phase was observed. Sol-gel synthesis is able to produce high yields of SrFe12O19 nanoparticles. It is also able to prod uce nanocrystallite of cation substituted SrFe12O19. Nanoparticle size of strontium ferrite is desirable and aimed to synthesize because nanoparticles tend to give better magnetic properties. Nanoparticles give few magnetic domains, probably single domain. Single domain tends to give higher magnetic induction because there are no oppose magnetic domain. Single domain aligns in one direction only. These properties are ideal for the making of permanent magnet. 1.6 CATION SUBSTITUTION IN SrFe12O19 In order to improve the magnetic properties of strontium ferrite, many studies have been carried out. One of them is cation substitution in strontium ferrite. Rare earth and other metal cations are used for substitution for strontium and iron respectively [5]. The pair doping of SrFe12O19 such as a La-Co pair to replace a Sr-Fe pair has been tested [14]. The doping, or known as cation substitution, is aim to improve the magnetic properties of strontium ferrite. Cation substitution results in structural changes in strontium ferrite. As the physical properties of ferrite change, the magnetic properties would be affected due to the fact that magnetic properties are determined by the arrangement of iron ions in crystal structure. In this study, Co-Ti pair will be doped to the strontium ferrite. Cobalt titanium substitution will produce a quaternary system of the type SrO-Fe2O3-AO where A represents the dopant cation.The cobalt titanium substitution gives rise to the new formula, SrCoxTix Fe12-2xO19 where X is the number of mole of cation substituted in. 1.7 Commercial Applications Strontium ferrite is widely used as permanent magnet because it has direction of easy magnetization and the hexagonal c-axis which are perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The properties that are desirable in using as permanent magnet include high saturation magnetization, high remnant magnetization, high coercivity, high Curie temperature and high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Besides, SrFe12O19 is also commonly used in high-density data storage magnetic recording media. Nanoparticles of SrFe12O19 with single domain and low coercivity are crucial in used for magnetic recording media. M-type strontium ferrite nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to their good frequency characteristic, low noise, high output, in particular, excellent high frequency characteristic and wide dynamic frequency range [4]. There are two types of recording medium, namely particulates and thin films. Tape and floppy is categorized in particulate and hard drive is belongs to thin film. Information is stored by magnetizing material. The recording head can apply magnetic field (H) and align domains to magnetize the medium. It can also detect a change in the magnetization of the medium. Magnetic recording media prefers high saturation magnetization; make it to store as much information. High value of remnant magnetization is required in recording media to make sure that all m aterials stored in the hard disk still remained even the power supply (applied magnetic field) is switched off. Low coercivity is important in magnetic recording media. When the positive magnetic field is applied, this charging manages the medium to store data. On the other hand, negative magnetic field applied to retrieve back the data, this is called discharges. Therefore, less current is needed to retrieve the data in the low coercivity medium. As a result, less heat generated and this saves the electricity. In general, strontium ferrite has high value of uniaxial anisotropy field, high coercive force and high saturation magnetization. The high coercivity of strontium ferrite has to be lowered down and saturation magnetization has to be simultaneously increased if it is to be useful for magnetic recording purposes. It has been reported that the substitution of cations such as Co(II) for the ion Fe(III) in strontium ferrite has lowered the coercive force. Therefore, many studies were carried out to achieve better magnetic properties of strontium ferrite for commercial applications. CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL Sample Preparation Synthesis of M-type SrFe12O19 Synthesis of Cation Substituted SrFe12O19 Sample Characterization Magnetic Susceptibility Balance MK1 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.1.1 Synthesis of M-type SrFe12O19 The sol-gel technique was used to synthesize M-type SrFe12O19 whereby the ethylene glycol acts as gel precursor. The starting materials, strontium nitrate, Sr(NO3)2 and iron(III) nitrate-9-hydrates, Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O were used due to their high solubility in ethylene glycol. Calculation below was made to determine the weight of materials needed to be used. Relative Molecular Mass of materials: Strontium nitrate, Sr(NO3)2 = 211.63 g/mol Iron(III) nitrate-9-hydrates, Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O = 404 g/mol (Note: All answers have to be converted into 3 significant figures.) No. of mol of 1 g Sr(NO3)2 = Mass of Sr(NO3)2 RMM of Sr(NO3)2 = 1g 211.63g/mol = 4.725210-3 mol Sr : Fe = 1 : 12 No. of mol of Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O needed = 4.725210-3 mol x 12 = 5.670210-2 mol Mass of Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O needed = No. of mol of Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O needed x RMM of Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O = 5.670210-2 mol x 404g/mol = 22.9 g From the calculation, 1g of strontium nitrate and 22.9g of iron(III) nitrate-9-hydrates were needed in the synthesis and were weighted. Strontium nitrate would provided 1 mol of strontium ions and iron(III) nitrate-9-hydrates would provided 12 mol of iron ions in the synthesis of strontium ferrite, which matched the molecular formula of SrFe12O19. The strontium nitrate and iron(III) nitrate-9-hydrates were readily dissolved in ethylene glycol with slight heat applied due to their high solubility in it. The mixture was heated slightly and stirred with a magnetic bar until the mixture was fully dissolved. The resultant solution is in transparent reddish color. The magnetic stirring bar was removed. The mixture was heated to 100 °C and it would slowly transform into a gel form. The gel was dried with continuous heating at 100 °C for 3 hours. The dried gel was then transferred to a crucible to remove traces of organic precursor. A mixture of metal oxides in dispersed nanoclusters form was obtained. The dried gel was then annealed in a furnace at 800 °C for 3 days with extensive ground with a pestle in a mortar after annealed at interval of each day. 2.1.2 Synthesis of Cation Substituted SrFe12O19 Cation substituted strontium ferrite was synthesized by using cobalt(II) ions and titanium(IV) ions to substitute the iron ions in M-type hexagonal strontium ferrite. The substitution of Co(II) and Ti(IV) gives the compound a new molecular formula, which is SrCoxTixFe12-2xO19 where the x denoted different ratios. In the synthesis of cation substituted SrFe12O19, the ratios of cations used, x, is in between 0.2 to 6.0 (0.2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ x à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 6.0), where x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0. The same method described in section 2.1.1 was used for the synthesis, by only adding two new starting materials, which are the cobalt(II) nitrate and titanium(IV) ethoxide to give the Co2+ and Ti4+ cations. Calculation as described below was made to calculate the weight of materials needed respectively. Relative Molecular Mass of materials: Strontium nitrate, Sr(NO3)2 = 211.63 g/mol Iron(III) nitrate-9-hydrates, Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O = 404 g/mol Cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO3)2.6H2O = 291.04 g/mol Titanium(IV) ethoxide, Ti(CC2H5)4 = 228.11 g/mol (Note: All answers have to be converted into 3 significant figures.) Example used for the calculation: SrCo0.2Ti0.2Fe11.6O19, x= 0.2 No. of mol of 1 g Ti(CC2H5)4 = Mass of Ti(CC2H5)4 RMM of Ti(CC2H5)4 = 1g 228.11g/mol = 4.383810-3 mol 0.2 mol of Ti needed 1 mol of Sr. 4.383810-3 mol of Ti needed (4.383810-3 mol x 1) mol of Sr. 0.2 Therefore, 0.021919 mol of Sr is needed. Mass of Sr(NO3)2 needed = 0.021919mol x 211.63 g/mol = 4.64 g 0.2 mol of Ti needed 11.6 mol of Fe. 4.383810-3 mol of Ti needed (4.383810-3 mol x 11.6) mol of Sr. 0.2 Therefore, 0.25426 mol of Fe is needed. Mass of Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O needed = 0.25426mol x 404g/mol = 103 g Mass of Co(NO3)2.6H2O needed = 4.383810-3 mol x 291.04g/mol = 1.28 g The calculation above were used to calculate the weight of starting materials needed for other cation ratios, x for 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 respectively as well. The weight needed for each material was tabulated in Table 2.1. x Weight of materials needed (g) Sr(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 ·9H2O Co(NO3)2.6H2O 0.2 4.64 103 1.28 0.4 2.32 51.4 1.28 0.6 1.55 31.9 1.28 0.8 1.11 23.0 1.28 1.0 0.93 17.7 1.28 2.0 0.46 7.08 1.28 3.0 0.31 3.54 1.28 4.0 0.23 1.77 1.28 5.0 0.19 0.71 1.28 6.0 0.15 0.00 1.28 Table 2.1: Weight of materials needed for synthesis of Co(II)-Ti(IV) substituted strontium ferrite For the series of different substitution ratios (x), the corresponding strontium nitrate, iron(III) nitrate-9-hydrates, cobalt(II) nitrate and titanium(IV) ethoxide were weighed and dissolved in 100ml ethylene glycol. The oxides obtained after ignition were then annealed in a furnace at 800 °C for 3 days with extensive ground with a pestle in a mortar after annealed at interval of each day. The preparation for strontium ferrite and cation substituted strontium ferrite is shown in Fig. 2.1 in flow chart array. Figure 2.1: Schematic diagram of the procedure for synthesis of strontium ferrite and cobalt-titanium substituted SrFe12O19. Sample Characterization Magnetic Susceptibility Balance MK1 The magnetic properties of strontium ferrite and cobalt-titanium substituted strontium ferrite produced by the method described above were examined using the Magnetic Susceptibility Balance MARK 1 (MK1) by Sherwood Scientific Ltd, England. The magnetic susceptibility balance apparatus was shown in Fig. 2.2. Figure 2.2: Magnetic Susceptibility Balance MK1 by Sherwood Scientific Ltd, England. The basic design principle of Magnetic Susceptibility Balance MK1 was shown in Figure 2.3. Magnetic Susceptibility Balance determines the magnetic properties by placing two couple of moving magnets with the beam in between where the stationary sample is ready to be measured. Basically, the possible deflection in the beam and the movement being made of a particular sample either solid or liquid could be observed in a balanced system which possesses a magnetic field. Meanwhile, the coil within the instrument is conducted with current required in order to make compensation of the magnetic force produced by the sample. Either paramagnetic or diamagnetic could be resolved in a plus or minus relatively on display with the aid of the direction that the beam swifts. Figure 2.3: Basic design principle of Magnetic Susceptibility Balance MK1 by Sherwood Scientific Ltd, England. Magnetic susceptibility is defined as when the magnetising field is applied to the sample, how much is the ratio of the intensity of magnetism induced by the sample in response to the magnetising field which it is subject. In this experiment, mass susceptibility was the main concern. Mass susceptibility, xg, is defines by the mathematical formula below: à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥g= à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥v/d Where d = density of substance à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥v is the volume susceptibility, calculated by using the formula: à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¥v = I/

Flannery OConnors Revelation :: Flannery OConnor Revelation

Flannery O'Connor's background influenced her to write the short story â€Å"Revelation†. One important influence on the story is her Southern upbringing. During her lifetime, Southerners were very prejudiced towards people of other races and lifestyles. They believed that people who were less fortunate were inferior to them; therefore, people were labeled as different things and placed into different social classes. The South provided O'Connor with the images she needed for her characters. This can easily be identified in her short story â€Å"Revelation.† The characters in the story are identified by physical characteristics and some are even identified with racial terms. The main character in the story is actually prejudiced and makes many statements using racial jargon. For example, Mrs. Turpin, the main character, refers to the higher class woman as â€Å"well-dressed and pleasant†. She also labels the teenage girl as â€Å"ugly† and the poor woman as â€Å"white-trashy†. When Mrs. Turpin converses with her black workers, she often uses the word â€Å"nigger† in her thoughts. These characteristics she gives her characters definitely reveals the Southern lifestyle which the author, Flannery O'Connor, was a part of. In addition to her Southern upbringing, another influence on the story is Flannery O'Connor's illness. She battled with the lupus disease which has caused her to use a degree of violence and anger to make her stories somewhat unhappy. The illness caused a sadness inside of Flannery O'Connor, and that inner sadness flowed from her body to her paper through her pen. Although she was sick, O'Connor still felt proud to be who she was. By comparison, Mrs. Turpin in â€Å" Revelation† has a good disposition about herself. She is far from perfect, yet she is happy to be who she is. Perhaps the most important influence on the story is religion. O'Connor was not only influenced by her own Catholic heritage but by others as well. Like the other writers from France and England, she is curious about the actuality of sin and the effect that it has on the presence of mankind. Her stories and every characteristic about them was Flannery O'Connor's way of showing reality and qualities that are determiners of fate and destiny. No matter which path her stories took her readers, they mostly ended up finding social truth. This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices enables Flannery O'Connor in â€Å"Revelation† to develop the theme that sometimes people must look farther than the surface in order to understand the actions of others.

Optimizing Physical Properties of Municipal Waste Sites

OPTIMIZING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MUNICIPAL WASTE SITES TO SUITAS A CONSTRUCTION SITE Abstraction Waste is universally generated by homo from their assorted activities. Besides sum of waste coevals is increasing really quickly. Open dumping of municipal solid waste is common pattern in srilanka. Bloemendal waste pace was taken as instance survey of this research. Bloemendhal shit waste is silty sand type and such dirt can be treated with traditional calcium hydroxide and cement stabilizes methods. The end of this research was to better shit waste to upgrade its strength and public presentation of the dirt. The selected stabilizes were lime and cement. Key findings of the research are, ( 1 ) Strength of treated dirt additions with clip, ( 2 ) Strength fluctuation with cement and calcium hydroxide content, ( 3 ) Strength Variation with wet content, ( 4 ) Applicability of cement and calcium hydroxide as a stabilizer, ( 5 ) strength fluctuation with Water/amendment ratio. Introduction Waste We can be merely explicate as any stuffs that is discarded by worlds after its intent is obtained.Waste is increase twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours due to the all human activities in all over the universe. This sort of Waste we can split in to three classs. They are Solid, liquid and gaseous. In developing states Open Dumpsites are common, due to the low budget for waste disposal. Open dumping of municipal solid waste is common patterns in Sri Lanka. By pattern dumping of waste at land fill sites is done. But this can do by negative facets people populating in the vicinity. The chemicals used in waste can be carried by H2O and affects the land H2O. And besides these sort chemicals assorted with rain H2O and rain H2O transported them in to our imbibing beginnings. Such as rivers, lakes and etc. This has become a major issue at present. The shit paces, after stabilisation of solid waste utilizing calcium hydroxide and cement can be used for the building of assorted development undertakings like edifice sites, resort areas, recreational countries etc. this scheme is really advantageous when urban countries are concerned where sufficient infinite can non be found for recreational intents and other sort of development undertakings. Besides the stabilised solid waste can be economically used as fills for roads and roads embankments. Waste can be slackly defined as any stuff that is considered to be of no farther usage to the proprietor and is, therefore discarded. Waste is generated universally and is a direct effect of all human activities. Wastes are by and large classified into solid, liquid and gaseous. In developing states unfastened garbage dumps are common, due to the low budget for waste disposal. Open dumping of municipal solid waste is a common pattern in Sri Lanka. The disposal of wastes in landfill sites has progressively caused concern about possible inauspicious wellness effects for population life nearby, peculiarly in relation to those sites where risky waste is dumped. In the environment, chemicals and other contaminations found in solid waste can ooze into our groundwater and can besides be carried by rain H2O to rivers and lakes that are our beginnings for imbibing H2O. The shit paces, after stabilisation of solid waste utilizing calcium hydroxide and cement can be used for the building of assorted development undertakings like edifice sites, playgrounds recreational countries etc. this scheme is really advantageous when urban countries are concerned where sufficient infinite can non be found for recreational intents and other sorts of development undertakings. Besides the stabilised solid waste can be economically used as fills of roads and route embankments. Comprehensive research works must be carried out to measure the suitableness of stabilised solid waste for route fills in footings of its strength.LITERATURE REVIEWThis research is all about the traditional dirt stabilizers viz. lime and cement. The stabilisation mechanisms and the effectivity of those stabilizers have been demonstrated by many research workers in many applications. This literature reappraisal focal point on the known belongingss of traditional stabilizers as relevant to the r esearch.Soil stabilisationStabilization was defined as the betterment of dirt strength under applied burden by Bulbul ( 2013 ) and besides stabilisation was described as the change of the dirt belongingss by chemical or physical agencies in order to heighten the technology quality of the dirt by Ankit ( 2013 ) .In general dirt stabilisation can be described as a procedure of bettering certain coveted belongingss in dirt stuff. Soil stuffs which have been thought non utile in technology application can be improved utilizing dirt stabilisation procedure. McNally ( 1998 ) showed that the betterments of dirt belongingss are caused by dirt stabilisation can include the undermentioned strength, volume stableness and lastingness features. Sodium and K cations are normally found in expansive clay dirt and those can be exchanged with cations like Ca, which are found in calcium hydroxide, Portland cement and fly ash. This is a rapid reaction and ion exchange procedure takes topographic point frequently within a few hours. The Ca cations replace with the Na cations around the dirt atoms. So soil stabilisation is a long term strength addition activity. ( Justin 2004 ) Soil stabilisation is really utile when it is more economical to get the better of a lack in a readily available stuff than to convey in one that to the full complies with the demands of specification for the dirt ( Ola,1975 ) . This dirt stabilisation method can be used where no other economic option is available. The chief addictives for dirt stabilisation,Gravel crushed sumPortland cementCalcium hydroxideThe magnitude of dirt stabilisation is measured by the addition in strength as determined from unconfined compaction testing.Lime stabilisationThere are t wo primary types of calcium hydroxide is used today in the building field are quicklime ( Calcium oxide ) and hydrated calcium hydroxide ( calcium hydrated oxide ) . Heating limestone at higher temperatures produces quicklime and the add-on of H2O to the calcium oxide produces hydrated calcium hydroxide ( 5 ) . Equation ( 2.1 ) shows the reaction of limestone when it is heated. That produces quicklime with C dioxide as a by-product. CaCo3+ Heat i? CaO + CO2( 2.1 ) Equation ( 2.2 ) shows that add-on of H2O to the calcium oxide CaO produces hydrated lime/Ca ( OH )2with heat as a byproduct. CaO +H2O i? Ca ( OH )2+ Heat ( 2.2 ) Soil conditions and mineralogical belongingss have a important consequence on the long-run strength addition in dirt and lime blend ( 5 ) . Introduction of Ca hydrated oxide increases Ph, doing the silicon oxide and aluminum oxide in the clay particles to go soluble and interact with the Ca in a pozzolanic reaction ( 5, 7 ) . A pozzolonic reaction between silicon oxide or aluminum oxide in the clay atoms and Ca from the calcium hydroxide can organize a cemented construction that increases the strength of the stabilised dirt. Residual Ca must stay in the system to unite with the available silicon oxide or aluminum oxide and to maintain the pH high plenty to keep the pozzolanic creative activity ( 5 ) . The per centum of calcium hydroxide used for any undertaking depends on the dirt type being stabilized. The finding of the measure of calcium hydroxide is normally based on an analysis of the consequence that different calcium hydroxide per centums have on the decrease of malleability and the addition in strength of the dirt. However, most all right grained dirt can be efficaciously stabilized with 3 % -10 % of calcium hydroxide, based on the dry weight of the dirt. Lime is used extensively to alter the technology belongingss of powdered dirts. It is most effectual in handling plastic clays capable of keeping big sum of H2O ( 6 ) . 2.1.2 Cement stabilisation Portland cement is a multi-mineral compound made up of Ca oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and Fe ( 5 ) . When stabilisation of dirt is done by blending dirt with cement in different proportions is called as dirt cement stabilisation. Soil cement is a mixture of powdered dirt and mensural sum of H2O and cement, compacted to desired denseness and cured ( 1 ) . When cement is assorted with H2O, cementing compound of calcium-silicate-hydrate ( C-S-H ) and calcium-aluminate-hydrate ( C-A-H ) are formed ( 5 ) . With lime stabilisation, the silicon oxide is provided when the clay atom is broken down. With cement stabilisation, the cement already contains the silicon oxide without necessitating to interrupt down the clay mineral. Therefore, unlike lime stabilisation, cement stabilisation is reasonably independent of the dirt belongingss. ( 8 ) . Some Ca is available to respond with the clay atom early in the alteration procedure when H2O is added, and extra Ca becomes available subsequently as it forms during cement hydration ( 5 ) . The hydrates help to stabilise disturbed clay atoms through cementation. The hydration reactions and strength additions for the most portion between 24 hours and 28 yearss ( 5 ) . The function of cement is to better the technology belongingss of available dirt such as strength squeezability, permeableness, swelling possible and sensitiveness to alter in wet content. Soil cement stuffs range from semi flexible to semi stiff depending on the type of dirt and sum of dirt used ( 1 ) .

Globalization is a catch-all term that refers to a Essays

Globalization is a catch-all term that refers to a Essays Globalization is a catch-all term that refers to any activity that involves more than one country, for example, travel from one country to another. The dramatic increase in transnational travel in recent years has sparked controversy over the potential impacts of this trend on individual countriesf especially those new member states of globalization. Some people are concerned that the upsurge in new arrivals will prompt local hostility against visitors instead of promoting their understanding on mutual cultura l background. This notion should be rejected as one can see many facts in favor of this development between countries. The first reason why international travels would never bring conflict is rooted in the fact that both visitors and locals are economically motivated. International travel opens up opportunities for business development throughout the wor l d. Entrepreneurs are interested not only in the domestic market but also in the oversea market. Foreigners should learn the culture of a country before winning over the local people. In turn, locals should show their hospitality to visitors in exchange for their trust. They share a view that acceptance of each other's cultural background is a necessary condition for cooperation. Understanding a cu lt ure has other implications. Differences in social background, cultural values and religious belief might make the discrepancy of foreigners and local inhabitants on some issues indelible; however, the higher interaction, the higher level of communication and understanding. Arabians, for example, used to consider westerners as their f oes. Now they have concrete relations with their western allies in many fields. In the initial stage, their divergence seemed inherent but over time, wi t h better mu tual understanding, they take the same position on many issues. Undeniably, it is likely that in some resorts, foreign visitors repel the local community with their s cant regard for the local environment and conventions when they first arrive. However, it should be noted that most offense is accidental, rather than intentional. Instead, visitors disobey rules and conventions simply because they have no knowledge of them. This situation is expected to be improved with the passing of time when visitors from different countries increase their knowledge of a local culture. According to the above analysis, we can observe that the increase in the international travel should not be taken as the cause of any conflict that arises between two countries. Alternatively, one should recogni z e its role in improving mutual understanding between two countries .

Neutrino - definition of a neutrino

Neutrino - definition of a neutrino Definition: The neutrino is an elementary particle which holds no electrical charge, travels at nearly the speed of light, and passes through ordinary matter with virtually no interaction. Neutrinos are created as part of radioactive decay. This decay was observed in 1896 by Henri Bacquerel, when he noted that certain atoms seem to emit electrons (a process known as beta decay). In 1930, Wolfgang Pauli proposed an explanation for where these electrons could have come from without violating conservation laws, but it involved the presence of a very light, uncharged particle emitted simultaneously during the decay. Neutrinos are produced through radioactive interactions, such as solar fusion, supernovae, radioactive decay, and when cosmic rays collide with the Earths atmosphere. It was Enrico Fermi who developed a more complete theory of neutrino interactions and who coined the term neutrino for these particles. A group of researchers discovered the neutrino in 1956, a finding which later earned them the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics. There are actually three types of neutrino: electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino. These names come from the their partner particle under the Standard Model of particle physics. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 (and earned a Nobel Prize in 1988, 7 years before the earlier discovery of the electron neutrino earned one.) Early predictions indicated that the neutrino may have had no mass, but later examinations have indicated that it has a very small amount of mass, but not zero mass. The neutrino has a half-integer spin, so it is a fermion. It is an electronically neutral lepton, so it interacts through neither the strong nor electromagnetic forces, but only through the weak interaction. Pronunciation: new-tree-no Also Known As: Electron NeutrinoMuon NeutrinoTau Neutrino

Control room video Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Control room video - Essay Example The theme is successfully delivered because of the portrayal of hierarchy in the documentary. The theme of the documentary was delivered to the audience in such a way that the arguments from both the sides were given. In the end it was the audience who had to decide as to which side was right and which was wrong. The attack on the media was also shown in the documentary to prove the evidence against the US government. It basically showed that the media was being controlled by both the sides or perhaps was being tried to be controlled. The power of the media is analyzed in the documentary and the message has been given to the audience. 2. To what extent the documentary might change your perception on the war in Iraq?   The documentary can have a great impact on my perception regarding the Iraq war. The casualties that I saw in the media previously raised my sentiments for the Iraqi citizens. But the documentary portrays that media itself is being controlled by the sides hence it wou ld change my view regarding these sentiments. I would have a balanced view for the Iraqi people because the US soldiers being attacked and tortured was not shown much in the videos shown in media. The war on Iraq however was waged so that the regime of Saddam Hussein could be ended and the people of Iraq be helped. The documentary raises a question for me that â€Å"was this objective really achieved? I believe that it was not and hence the war in Iraq was a waste of time and resources of the United States which could have been spent in a much better way. The documentary shows the real side of the media and how they were being controlled. After watching the documentary I can say that I have balanced views regarding the war but the casualties in the war did affect the Americans in a bad way. 3. Critically identify the strengths and weaknesses of the video.   The video had some strengths and weaknesses which made it worth watching. Firstly it does not conclude everything on itself but rather leaves it to the audience to decide as to which side they should choose. The strength of the video is that it involves the real people of Al Jazeera who talk for the whole situation themselves. Thus the audience can be assured that this documentary is not fake or lying about things. The series of incidents that happened in the Iraq war are shown in the documentary such that it gives an overall view about the situation of war to the audience. It uses different real events to show how the television was being blamed for the incidents that occurred during the war. Al Jazeera was being targeted by the US officials and a footage of that target has been shown in the documentary. The attacks on the television office have also been shown in the documentary so as to provide evidence to the viewers regarding the story that the movie is providing the audience with. This evidence proves to be one of the strengths of the video and helps the audience to understand the politics that was being worked out against the media. 4. Briefly, do you recommend this video to other viewers? If yes why? If not

The Movie Playing by Heart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Movie Playing by Heart - Essay Example Attachment and commitment was a different story, however, because each individual had a different background. Hannah and Paul, married for 40 years survived Paul’s brief infidelity even if he and Hannah only had closure about that affair recently. Theirs is a case of true love that conquered all and is the kind of marriage that is permanent and not fleeting. Gracie and Hugh’s marriage was on the rocks because boredom set in and Gracie did not think Hugh had enough imagination to make their marriage more exciting, that is why Hugh kept trying to invent stories and sell these to women in bars to prove to himself that he is still an interesting man. Gracie, however, goes off to have a physical affair with a man he thought was exciting. Their marriage was not built on a strong foundation because the commitment to each other was flimsy and consistently needed concrete proof that they were worthy of each other. Meredith and Trent’s relationship is new, thanks to Trentà ¢â‚¬â„¢s devotion and persistence in breaking down the high wall that Meredith had built around herself. Being able to get through to her was a major breakthrough that both he and Meredith had a great chance of a successful relationship. The same is true of Joan and Keenan who met casually at a bar. Although their lives seem to be shallow, once they opened up to each other and decided to become vulnerable, they discovered what love was. The movie seemed to point out that once walls are broken down and the person inside agrees to be exposed until another person gets to love him or her for what he or she is, then the love that will grow from it is true. The couples Meredith and Trent and Joan and Keenan have chances to have happy marriages and probably children to complete their families. This is because they have made a decision, to be honest with each other and to live without pretenses.

Death of a saleman-producer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Death of a saleman-producer - Essay Example This includes the actors who will be performing on stage. The production crew can be the music producers, character analysts, cast managers and many more. In the production roles and responsibilities in the play, the production crew who are the board of directors, producers and the artists are given their individual roles to play on. The board of directors maintains the budgets of the finances and they also select the production. They also select the artistic director and the producer. They are the active producers who approve and set the budget and adjust any casting and production. The producer develops the budget to be used for performances, theater labor and other important budgets. They also deal with the security matters where by they are responsible for assigning the security team. He also secures the space needed for the production. The artistic directors deal with the artistic decisions on who to take responsibilities in the play. They also block the scenes needed in the play and block the rehearsals in the play. Working at the theatre as a collaborative team is another big issue in that not all the members in the board will agree on the procedures to be followed. This gives a challenge when the team is organizing for the best in the play. The most challenge in theater is lack of enough money to fund the production. This is majorly a problem when none of the board member has capital for the production play. As a producer you are supposed to gather all the board members and assign them the required tasks and always ensure that they are united when producing the play on stage. Learn to make decision that are always right and consult quite a number of leaders in the same field before coming to the decision. Looking for the right character to play on stage is another major problem. Deciding on the best actors to take up the characters is quite a critical decision. The actor must be captive and convince the audience who are the entertainers. He is